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Simultaneous analysis of five taste and odor compounds in surface water using solid-phase extraction

Wenfeng SUN, Ruibao JIA, Baoyu GAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 66-74 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0257-3

摘要： In this paper, a method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed to simultaneously analyze five taste and odor compounds in surface water, i.e., 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), 2-isopropyl-3-methoxy pyrazine (IPMP), 2-isobutyl-3-methoxy pyrazine (IBMP), and -1,10-dimethyl- -9-decalol (geosmin, GSM). The mass spectrometry was operated in selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Three kinds of SPE columns and three eluting solvents were compared, the C18 column was chosen as optimum SPE column, and methanol was chosen as the optimum eluting solvent. It was found that the method showed good linearity in the range of 1–200 ng·L and gave detection limits of 0.5–1.5 ng·L for individual compounds. Good recoveries (93.5%–108%) and relative standard deviations (1.58%–7.31%) were also obtained. Additionally, concentrations of these taste and odor compounds in Jinan’s surface and drinking water were analyzed by applying this method, and the results showed that GSM and 2-MIB were the dominant taste and odor compounds in Jinan’s raw water.

关键词： solid-phase extraction (SPE)     gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)     taste and odor compounds     surface water     micropollutant    

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Trace analysis of off-flavor/odor compounds in water using liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with

Jian LU,Paul S. WILLS,P. CHRIS WILSON

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第3期   页码 477-481 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0820-z

摘要： A rapid, inexpensive and laboratory friendly method was developed for analysis of off-flavor/odor compounds in fresh and salt water using gas chromatography with chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Off-flavor/odor compounds included geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), 2-isobutyl-3-methyoxypyrazine (IBMP), and 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IPMP). Using this method, a single sample can be extracted within minutes using only 1 mL of organic solvent. The ion transitions for IPMP, IBMP, MIB, and geosmin were 153>121, 167>125, 152>95, and 165>109, respectively. The linearity of this method for analyzing MIB ranged from 4 to 200 ng·L , and from 0.8 to 200 ng·L for the other analytes. Method recoveries ranged from 97% to 111% and percent relative standard deviations ranged from 3% to 9%, indicating that the method is accurate, precise, and reliable.

关键词： off-flavor/odor compounds     liquid-liquid microextraction     gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry    

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Kinetics of oxidation of dimethyl trisulfide by potassium permanganate in drinking water

Xiaoyan MA, Shifei HU, Hongyu WANG, Jun LI, Jing HUANG, Yun ZHANG, Weigang LU, Qingsong LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 171-176 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0319-1

摘要： Metabolites of algae such as geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol etc. are reported to induce pungent odors into drinking water and attract additional scientific attention. Recently, in China, taste and odor outbreaks in drinking water supply have become increasingly common. In source water affected by eutrophication, dimethyl trisulfide, speculated to be produced by decayed algae, was found to be the source of taste and odor issues and can be removed effectively by usual oxidation agents. In this experimental study, batch scale tests were carried out focusing on the removal of dimethyl trisulfide. Reaction kinetics of dimethyl trisulfide oxidized by potassium permanganate in water had been studied; influence factors such as pH, organic substrate, other existed taste, and odor contaminant in equivalent concentration were also discussed. Results showed that dimethyl trisulfide can be removed by potassium permanganate efficiently; the ratio can reach more than 70% with oxidant dosage of 4 mg·L and contact time prolonged to 120 min. The dimethyl trisulfide decomposition followed a second-order kinetics pattern with a rate constant = 0.00213 L·(min·mg) . Typically, the degradation rate of dimethyl trisulfide was increased with the increasing KMnO dosage, but dramatically dropped with the increasing levels of humic acid (1.8–4.5 mg·L ) and other odor-causing compounds (e.g. -cyclocitral, 0–1886.0 μg·L ). Solution pH (5.2–9.0) and initial dimethyl trisulfide concentration did not significantly affected the degradation. This study demonstrates that KMnO oxidation is an effective option to remove dimethyl trisulfide from water.

关键词： odor and taste     oxidation reaction     reaction kinetics     water treatment    

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Simultaneous removal of hydrogen sulfide and volatile organic sulfur compounds in off-gas mixture from

Shihao Sun, Tipei Jia, Kaiqi Chen, Yongzhen Peng, Liang Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1148-x

摘要：

A two-stage BTF system was established treating odorous off-gas mixture from a WWTP.

The two-stage BTF system showed resistance for the lifting load of H2S and VOSC.

Miseq Illumina sequencing showed separated functional microbial community in BTFs.

Avoiding H2S inhibition and enhancement of VOSC degradation was achieved.

Key control point was discussed to help industrial application of the system.

关键词： Odor     Two-stage bio-trickling filter process     Bio-trickling filter     Hydrogen sulfide     Volatile organic sulfur compound    

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Occurrence of odor problems in drinking water of major cities across China

SUN Daolin,YU Jianwei,YANG Min,AN Wei,ZHAO Yunyun,LU Ning,YUAN Shengguang,ZHANG Dongqing

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 411-416 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0577-1

摘要： A comprehensive investigation into the occurrence of odor problem at 111 drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in major cities across China was undertaken using both flavor profile analysis (FPA) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Eighty percent of source water samples exhibited odor problems, characterized by earthy/musty (41%) and swampy/septic (36%) odors, while the occurrence rate was lower (45%) in the finished water. Source water from rivers exhibited more pollution-origin odors, such as the swampy/septic odor, while that from lakes and reservoirs exhibited more algae-origin odors, such as earthy/musty odors. The occurrence rate of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) in the surface source water samples was 75%, with 7% of samples containing 2-MIB concentrations of over 10 ng·L . The earthy/musty odor in the lake/reservoir water samples was mainly caused by 2-MIB (linear regression coefficient, =0.69), while the correlation between 2-MIB concentration and the earthy/musty odor intensity in the river-source water samples was weak ( =0.35). These results will be useful for the management of odor-quality problems in drinking water of China.

关键词： flavor profile analysis     2-methylisoborneol     swampy/septic odor     earthy/musty odor     drinking water quality    

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Recent advances in electrochemical decontamination of perfluorinated compounds from water: a review

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1618-z

摘要：

● Recent advances in the electrochemical decontamination of PFAS are reviewed.

关键词： Perfluorinated compounds     Electrochemical approach     Working mechanisms     Impacting factor     Coupled process    

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Effect of co-existing organic compounds on adsorption of perfluorinated compounds onto carbon nanotubes

Shubo DENG,Yue BEI,Xinyu LU,Ziwen DU,Bin WANG,Yujue WANG,Jun HUANG,Gang YU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第5期   页码 784-792 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0790-1

摘要： Co-existing organic compounds may affect the adsorption of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) and carbon nanotubes in aquatic environments. Adsorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctane acid (PFOA), perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFH S) on the pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-Pri), carboxyl functionalized MWCNTs (MWCTNs-COOH), and hydroxyl functionalized MWCNTs (MWCNTs-OH) in the presence of humic acid, 1-naphthol, phenol, and benzoic acid was studied. Adsorption kinetics of PFOS was described well by the pseudo-second-order model and the sorption equilibrium was almost reached within 24 h. The effect of co-existing organic compounds on PFOS adsorption followed the decreasing order of humic acid>1-naphthol>benzoic acid>phenol. Adsorbed amounts of PFOS decreased significantly in the presence of co-existing or preloaded humic acid, and both adsorption energy and effective adsorption sites on the three MWCNTs decreased, resulting in the decrease of PFOS adsorption. With increasing pH, PFOS removal by three MWCNTs decreased in the presence of humic acid and phenol. The adsorbed amounts of different PFCs on the MWCNTs increased in the order of PFBS

关键词： perfluorinated compounds     carbon nanotubes     competitive adsorption     humic acid     perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)    

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Characteristics of carbonyls and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in residences in Beijing, China

Hengyi DUAN,Xiaotu LIU,Meilin YAN,Yatao WU,Zhaorong LIU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 73-84 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0743-0

摘要： Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbonyl compounds were measured both indoors and outdoors in 50 residences of Beijing in heating (December, 2011) and non-heating seasons (April/May, 2012). SUMMA canisters for VOCs and diffusive samplers for carbonyl compounds were deployed for 24 h at each site, and 94 compounds were quantified. Formaldehyde, acetone and acetaldehyde were the most abundant carbonyl compounds both indoors and outdoors with indoor median concentrations being 32.1, 21.7 and 15.3 μg·m , respectively. Ethane (17.6 μg·m ), toluene (14.4 μg·m ), propane (11.2 μg·m ), ethene (8.40 μg·m ), n-butane (6.87 μg·m ), and benzene (5.95 μg·m ) showed the high median concentrations in indoor air. Dichloromethane, p-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) and toluene exhibited extremely high levels in some residences, which were related with a number of indoor emission sources. Moreover, isoprene, p-dichlorobenzene and carbonyls showed median indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios larger than 3, indicating their indoor sources were prevailing. Chlorinated compounds like CFCs were mainly from outdoor sources for their I/O ratios being less than 1. In addition, indoor concentrations between two sampling seasons varied with different compounds. Carbonyl compounds and some chlorinated compounds had higher concentrations in the non-heating season, while alkanes, alkenes, aromatic compounds showed an increase in the heating season. Indoor concentration of VOCs and carbonyls were influenced by locations, interior decorations and indoor activities, however the specific sources for indoor VOCs and carbonyls could not be easily identified. The findings obtained in this study would significantly enhance our understandings on the prevalent and abundant species of VOCs as well as their concentrations and sources in Beijing residences.

关键词： indoor air     Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)     residence     carbonyl compounds    

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Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived compounds to various amino acids: status and perspectives

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第7期   页码 817-829 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2254-z

摘要： Amino acids are important nitrogen-containing chemicals that have a variety of applications. Currently, fermentation is the widely employed method to produce amino acids; however, the products are mostly limited to natural amino acids in the L-configuration. Catalytic synthesis is an alternative approach for the synthesis of amino acids with different types and configurations, where the use of renewable biomass-based feedstocks is highly attractive. To date, several lignocellulose and triacylglycerol-derived intermediates, typically α-keto acids and α-hydroxyl acids, have been transformed into amino acids via the amination reaction in the presence of additional nitrogen sources (i.e., NH3·H2O). Making full use of inherent nitrogen in biomass (i.e., chitin and protein) to produce amino acids avoids the use of extra nitrogen sources and meets the requirements of green chemistry, which is attracting increasing attention. In this review, we summarize different chemical-catalytic systems for the transformation of biomass to amino acids. An outlook on the challenges and opportunities for more effective production of amino acids from biomass by catalytic methods is provided.

关键词： biomass     amino acids     chitin     nitrogen-containing compounds     lignocellulose    

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Catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds using perovskite oxides catalysts—a review

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第11期   页码 1649-1676 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2324-x

摘要： With the rapid development of industry, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are gaining attention as a class of pollutants that need to be eliminated due to their adverse effects on the environment and human health. Catalytic combustion is the most popular technology used for the removal of VOCs as it can be adapted to different organic emissions under mild conditions. This review first introduces the hazards of VOCs, their treatment technologies, and summarizes the treatment mechanism issues. Next, the characteristics and catalytic performance of perovskite oxides as catalysts for VOC removal are expounded, with a special focus on lattice distortions and surface defects caused by metal doping and surface modifications, and on the treatment of different VOCs. The challenges and the prospects regarding the design of perovskite oxides catalysts for the catalytic combustion of VOCs are also discussed. This review provides a reference base for improving the performance of perovskite catalysts to treat VOCs.

关键词： perovskite oxides     volatile organic compounds     catalytic combustion     reaction mechanism    

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New branched benign compounds including double antibiotic scaffolds: synthesis, simulation and adsorption

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期   页码 167-182 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2199-2

摘要： In this study, two novel environmental benign double antibiotic norfloxacin or ciprofloxacin scaffolds included branched molecules were prepared by multi-step routes and purified by simple performance, which were used as the target compounds (TCs). Meanwhile, a single norfloxacin or ciprofloxacin skeleton based molecules were synthesized as the reference compounds (RCs). The molecular geometry optimization and material simulation computation revealed that TCs presented smaller HOMO-LUMO energy gaps and larger binding energy levels on mild steel surface than RCs. The chemical adsorption of TCs on steel surface was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which could be processed by TCs chelation with iron ions. It was shown that TCs could be self-adsorbed on steel surface, which was demonstrated by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The anticorrosion of the studied compounds for mild steel in HCl solution was investigated by electrochemistry analysis. The results suggested that the anticorrosion efficiency could reach 95.86% (TC1) and 97.05% (TC2) at 0.050 mmol·L−1 based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which were much better than RCs (RC1, 69.23%; RC2, 74.16%). The adsorption isotherms of TCs on steel were further fitted, and a deep insight on adsorption was discussed.

关键词： branched compounds     floxacin scaffold     mild steel     anticorrosion     environmentally benign    

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Indoor carbonyl compounds in an academic building in Beijing, China: concentrations and influencing factors

Chuanjia JIANG, Pengyi ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 184-194 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0309-3

摘要： Carbonyl compounds in indoor air are of great concern for their adverse health effects. Between February and May, 2009, concentrations of 13 carbonyl compounds were measured in an academic building in Beijing, China. Total concentration of the detected carbonyls ranged from 20.7 to 189.1 μg·m , and among them acetone and formaldehyde were the most abundant, with mean concentrations of 26.4 and 22.6 μg·m , respectively. Average indoor concentrations of other carbonyls were below 10 μg·m . Principal component analysis identified a combined effect of common indoor carbonyl sources and ventilation on indoor carbonyl levels. Diurnal variations of the carbonyl compounds were investigated in one office room, and carbonyl concentrations tended to be lower in the daytime than at night, due to enhanced ventilation. Average concentrations of carbonyl compounds in the office room were generally higher in early May than in late February, indicating the influence of temperature. Carbonyl source emission rates from both the room and human occupants were estimated during two lectures, based on one-compartment mass balance model. The influence of human occupants on indoor carbonyl concentrations varies with environmental conditions, and may become significant in the case of a large human occupancy.

关键词： carbonyl compounds     indoor air     ventilation     human occupancy     source emission rate (SER)     principal component analysis (PCA)    

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Pollution survey of carbonyl compounds in train air

LU Hao, ZHU Lizhong

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第1期   页码 125-128 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0023-3

摘要： The train is an important vehicle in China, but its air quality has important impacts on passengers health. In this work, pollution from carbonyl compounds was measured in the air of six trains. The objectives of this work were to investigate carbonyl compound levels in selected air from trains, identify their emission sources, and assess the intake of carbonyl compounds for passengers. The methods for sampling and analyzing 10 carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde, cyclohexanone, and valeraldehyde in indoor air were proposed with the sampling efficiency, recovery, and detection limit being 92% 100%, 91% 104%, and 0.26 0.82 ng/m, respectively. It was indicated that the total concentrations of carbonyl compounds were 0.159 0.2828 mg/m with the average concentration of 0.2330 mg/m. The average concentrations of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 0.0922, 0.0499, and 0.0580 mg/m, accounting for 42.6%, 21.4%, and 24.9% of the total concentrations of carbonyl compounds, respectively. The carbonyl compounds probably came from woodwork and cigarette smoking. The intake of carbonyl compounds for the passengers was approximately 0.043 0.076 mg/h. The carbonyl compounds in train air could be harmful to human health.
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Determination and occurrence of endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products

Yong YU,Laosheng WU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第3期   页码 475-481 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0640-6

摘要： Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have attracted much attention due to widespread contamination in aquatic environment. In this study, we determined 13 EDCs and PPCPs in fish blood, bile and muscle by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The limits of quantitation (LOQ) were in the ranges of 0.23–2.54, 0.22–2.36 ng·mL , and 0.24–2.57 ng·g dry weight (dw) for fish blood, bile and muscle, respectively. Recoveries of target compounds spiked into sample matrices and passed through the entire analytical procedure ranged from 65% to 95%, from 60% to 92% and from 62% to 91% for blood, bile and muscle, respectively. The methods were applied to the analysis of fish from a lake in California. Target compounds were relatively low in bile, and only bisphenol A (BPA) and diclofenac were measurable near the LOQ. Seven of 13 compounds were detected in blood, with total concentrations up to 39 ng·mL . Only BPA was frequently found in muscle, with mean concentration of 7.26 ng·g dw. The estimated daily intake of BPA through fish consumption for U.S. resident was significantly lower than the tolerable daily intake recommended by the European Food Safety Authority. This study showed that the exposure to the bisphenol A from fish diet is unlikely to pose a health risk.

关键词： endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs)     pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs)     fish     bisphenol A (BPA)     risk assessment    

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Phenolic compounds removal by wet air oxidation based processes

Linbi Zhou, Hongbin Cao, Claude Descorme, Yongbing Xie

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0970-2

摘要： Wet air oxidation (WAO) and catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) are efficient processes to degrade organic pollutants in water. In this paper, we especially reviewed the WAO and CWAO processes for phenolic compounds degradation. It provides a comprehensive introduction to the CWAO processes that could be beneficial to the scientists entering this field of research. The influence of different reaction parameters, such as temperature, oxygen pressure, pH, stirring speed are analyzed in detail; Homogenous catalysts and heterogeneous catalysts including carbon materials, transitional metal oxides and noble metals are extensively discussed, among which Cu based catalysts and Ru catalysts were shown to be the most active. Three different kinds of the reactor implemented for the CWAO (autoclave, packed bed and membrane reactors) are illustrated and compared. To enhance the degradation efficiency and reduce the cost of the CWAO process, biological degradation can be combined to develop an integrated technology.

关键词： Wet air oxidation     Catalytic wet air oxidation     Phenolic compounds     Heterogeneous catalysts     Mechanism    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Simultaneous analysis of five taste and odor compounds in surface water using solid-phase extraction

Wenfeng SUN, Ruibao JIA, Baoyu GAO

期刊论文

Trace analysis of off-flavor/odor compounds in water using liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with

Jian LU,Paul S. WILLS,P. CHRIS WILSON

期刊论文

Kinetics of oxidation of dimethyl trisulfide by potassium permanganate in drinking water

Xiaoyan MA, Shifei HU, Hongyu WANG, Jun LI, Jing HUANG, Yun ZHANG, Weigang LU, Qingsong LI

期刊论文

Simultaneous removal of hydrogen sulfide and volatile organic sulfur compounds in off-gas mixture from

Shihao Sun, Tipei Jia, Kaiqi Chen, Yongzhen Peng, Liang Zhang

期刊论文

Occurrence of odor problems in drinking water of major cities across China

SUN Daolin,YU Jianwei,YANG Min,AN Wei,ZHAO Yunyun,LU Ning,YUAN Shengguang,ZHANG Dongqing

期刊论文

Recent advances in electrochemical decontamination of perfluorinated compounds from water: a review

期刊论文

Effect of co-existing organic compounds on adsorption of perfluorinated compounds onto carbon nanotubes

Shubo DENG,Yue BEI,Xinyu LU,Ziwen DU,Bin WANG,Yujue WANG,Jun HUANG,Gang YU

期刊论文

Characteristics of carbonyls and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in residences in Beijing, China

Hengyi DUAN,Xiaotu LIU,Meilin YAN,Yatao WU,Zhaorong LIU

期刊论文

Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived compounds to various amino acids: status and perspectives

期刊论文

Catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds using perovskite oxides catalysts—a review

期刊论文

New branched benign compounds including double antibiotic scaffolds: synthesis, simulation and adsorption

期刊论文

Indoor carbonyl compounds in an academic building in Beijing, China: concentrations and influencing factors

Chuanjia JIANG, Pengyi ZHANG

期刊论文

Pollution survey of carbonyl compounds in train air

LU Hao, ZHU Lizhong

期刊论文

Determination and occurrence of endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products

Yong YU,Laosheng WU

期刊论文

Phenolic compounds removal by wet air oxidation based processes

Linbi Zhou, Hongbin Cao, Claude Descorme, Yongbing Xie

期刊论文